Understanding
Ormrod (2011) talks about the influence that nature and nurture have on intelligence. Can you, in your own words, summarize the influence that nature and nurture have on the development of intelligence?
Synthesizing
Ormrod (2011) provides specific ways to adapt instruction for children with special needs. Use these adaptations in combination with your previous knowledge of lesson planning and disabilities to create a simple lesson plan for a child with a learning disability.
Reference
Ormrod, J. E. (2011). Educational psychology: Developing learners. Boston, MA: Pearson.
1. (Nature) Research suggests that individuals probably inherit a variety of characteristics that in some way have an affect on their specific talents and cognitive abilities.
ReplyDelete(Nuture) There are several environmental factors that can influence intelligence. For instance, poor nutrition in the early years and a mother's excessive use of alcohol during pregnancy can lead to lower IQ scores. On the other hand, going to school or moving from a neglectful home environment to a more nurturing one, can result in positive gains on an individual's IQ score.
Nature and nurture, genetic and environmental factors, together have an influence on the development of intelligence. For instance, environmental support is required for genes to do their job, and heredity has an impact on how vulnerable or immune a child is to specific environmental conditions.
***This is an example of an understanding cognitive process, as I am being asked to summarize material I have already read.
2. In a second grade classroom, I would read aloud a story to the entire class during large group time. After, I would highlight key vocabulary words that I wanted the students to be able to define and spell. The students would work in small groups to practice explaining the meaning of the words to their peers, as well as to practice spelling the words aloud. To adapt this for a child with a learning disability, I would use multiple modalities to present the information. For instance, if the child is having a difficult time comprehending the text, I could provide an audiotape recording that would allow him or her to listen to the story multiple times. In addition, I would create picture cards for each of the key vocabulary words if the child is not yet able to read these words; in this way, the child could draw meaning based upon the pictures. Another strategy Ormrod mentions is to provide study aids; I would create flashcards of each of the key terms for the child to have with him or her throughout the day to practice spelling.
***This is an example of a synthesizing cognitive process as I am using the information and knowledge I have acquired on planning lessons for children with disabilities to demonstrate my understandings of the concept by creating a simple lesson plan.